PV yophatikizidwa ndi zomangamanga yafotokozedwa ngati malo omwe zinthu zopanda mpikisano za PV zikuyesera kuti zifike pamsika.Koma izi sizingakhale zabwino, akutero Björn Rau, manejala waukadaulo komanso wachiwiri kwa director wa PVcomB ku.
Helmholtz-Zentrum ku Berlin, yemwe amakhulupirira kuti ulalo womwe ukusowa pakutumizidwa kwa BIPV uli pamzere wa nyumba zomanga, makampani omanga, ndi opanga ma PV.
Kuchokera ku Magazini ya PV
Kukula kofulumira kwa PV pazaka khumi zapitazi kwafika pamsika wapadziko lonse wa 100 GWp woyikidwa pachaka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi ma module a solar 350 mpaka 400 miliyoni amapangidwa ndikugulitsidwa chaka chilichonse.Komabe, kuwaphatikiza muzomangamanga akadali msika wamba.Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa kuchokera ku polojekiti ya kafukufuku ya EU Horizon 2020 PVSITES, pafupifupi 2 peresenti yokha ya mphamvu ya PV yomwe inayikidwa inaphatikizidwa mu zikopa zomanga mu 2016. Chiwerengerochi chochepa kwambiri chimakhala chodabwitsa kwambiri poganizira kuti mphamvu zoposa 70 peresenti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mafuta onse a CO2 omwe amapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi amadyedwa m'mizinda, ndipo pafupifupi 40 mpaka 50 peresenti ya mpweya wotenthetsera mpweya umachokera kumadera akumatauni.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kulimbikitsa kupanga magetsi pamalopo, Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe ndi Council idakhazikitsa Directive 2010 2010/31 / EU pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanyumba, zomwe zimatchedwa "Near Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)".Lamuloli likugwira ntchito ku nyumba zonse zatsopano zomwe zidzamangidwe pambuyo pa 2021. Kwa nyumba zatsopano zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mabungwe aboma, malangizowa adayamba kugwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino.
Palibe njira zenizeni zomwe zafotokozedwa kuti mukwaniritse udindo wa NZEB.Eni nyumba atha kuganizira mbali zina za mphamvu zamagetsi monga kutchinjiriza, kubwezeretsa kutentha, ndi malingaliro opulumutsa mphamvu.Komabe, popeza mphamvu zonse za nyumbayo ndiye cholinga chowongolera, kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi mkati kapena mozungulira nyumbayo ndikofunikira kuti zikwaniritse miyezo ya NZEB.
Zotheka ndi zovuta
Palibe kukayikira kuti kukhazikitsa kwa PV kudzakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga nyumba zamtsogolo kapena kukonzanso zomanga zomwe zilipo kale.mulingo wa NZEB udzakhala wamphamvu pakukwaniritsa cholinga ichi, koma osati chokha.Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa madera kapena malo omwe alipo kuti apange magetsi.Chifukwa chake, palibe malo owonjezera omwe akufunika kuti abweretse PV yambiri m'matauni.Kuthekera kwa magetsi oyera opangidwa ndi PV yophatikizika ndiakuluakulu.Monga Becquerel Institute idapezeka mu 2016, gawo lomwe lingathe kupangidwa ndi BIPV pakufunika kwa magetsi ndi oposa 30 peresenti ku Germany komanso mayiko akumwera (mwachitsanzo Italy) ngakhale pafupifupi 40 peresenti.
Koma ndichifukwa chiyani mayankho a BIPV amangotenga gawo laling'ono mubizinesi yoyendera dzuwa?N’chifukwa chiyani mpaka pano saganiziridwanso kaŵirikaŵiri m’ntchito yomanga?
Kuti tiyankhe mafunsowa, German Helmholtz-Zentrum Research Center Berlin (HZB) inapanga kafukufuku wofuna chaka chatha pokonzekera msonkhano ndi kuyankhulana ndi anthu ogwira nawo ntchito kumadera onse a BIPV.Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti palibe kusowa kwa teknoloji pa se.
Pamsonkhano wa HZB, anthu ambiri ochokera ku ntchito yomangamanga, omwe akugwira ntchito zomanga zatsopano kapena kukonzanso, adavomereza kuti pali mipata ya chidziwitso ponena za kuthekera kwa BIPV ndi matekinoloje othandizira.Omanga ambiri, okonza mapulani, ndi eni nyumba sakhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti aphatikize ukadaulo wa PV muntchito zawo.Zotsatira zake, pali zosungika zambiri zokhuza BIPV, monga kapangidwe kokopa, kukwera mtengo, komanso kuchulukirachulukira.Pofuna kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwikawa, zosowa za omanga nyumba ndi eni nyumba ziyenera kukhala patsogolo, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe okhudzidwawa amawonera BIPV kuyenera kukhala patsogolo.
Kusintha kwa Maganizo
BIPV imasiyana m'njira zambiri ndi ma solar anthawi zonse apadenga, omwe safuna kusinthasintha kapena kulingalira za kukongola.Ngati zinthu zapangidwa kuti ziphatikizidwe muzomangamanga, opanga ayenera kuganiziranso.Omanga, omanga, ndi omanga nyumba poyambilira amayembekezera magwiridwe antchito wamba pakhungu lomanga.Kuchokera kumalingaliro awo, kupanga magetsi ndi katundu wowonjezera.Kuphatikiza pa izi, opanga zinthu zambiri za BIPV adayenera kuganizira izi.
- Kupanga njira zotsika mtengo zopangira zida zomangira dzuwa zokhala ndi kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu, komanso kuwonekera mosiyanasiyana.
- Kupanga miyezo ndi mitengo yowoneka bwino (yoyenera zida zokonzekera, monga Building Information Modeling (BIM).
- Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu za photovoltaic muzinthu zatsopano za façade kudzera pakuphatikiza zida zomangira ndi zinthu zopangira mphamvu.
- Kulimba mtima kwambiri motsutsana ndi mithunzi yakanthawi (yapafupi).
- Kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwonongeka kwa kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (mwachitsanzo, kukhazikika kwamtundu).
- Kupanga malingaliro owunikira ndi kukonza kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe zachitika (kutengera kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa, kusintha ma module omwe alibe vuto kapena zinthu za façade).
- ndikutsata zofunikira zamalamulo monga chitetezo (kuphatikiza chitetezo chamoto), ma code omanga, ma code amphamvu, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-09-2022